<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">accounting</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учет. Анализ. Аудит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Accounting. Analysis. Auditing</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2408-9303</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-130X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2408-9303-2025-12-2-40-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">accounting-694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ И ПРИКЛАДНАЯ СТАТИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL AND APPLIED STATISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ретроспективный анализ мирового металлургического производства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Retrospective Analysis of the Global Metal Production</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-1343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачев</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmachev</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Николаевич Толмачев — доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой бизнес-аналитики факультета налогов, аудита и бизнес-анализа</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail N. Tolmachev — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof., Head of the Department of Business Analytics, Faculty of Taxes, Audit and Business Analysis</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MNTolmachev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Толмачев М.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Толмачев М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tolmachev M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://accounting.fa.ru/jour/article/view/694">https://accounting.fa.ru/jour/article/view/694</self-uri><abstract><p>Металлургия является фундаментальной основой глобальной экономики, а структура производства ключевых металлов по странам отражает распределение производительных сил в мире. Путь к региональному или глобальному экономическому лидерству всегда начинался с построения мощной металлургической базы, на которой формировались металлоемкие отрасли: машиностроение, строительство и транспорт. Независимая экономика невозможна без собственного производства металлов, поэтому анализ ретроспективной динамики их выплавки позволяет проследить особенности глобального производства, формирование мировых промышленных и экономических центров, перемещение фокуса мирового развития из «старых» в «новые» центры металлургического производства. Целью исследования является анализ динамики и структуры выплавки металлов в мире за последние более чем полвека. Методы. В работе построены и проанализированы временные ряды выплавки черных и цветных металлов по крупнейшим производителям с 1960 по 2023 г. Исследование включало анализ как непосредственной динамики выплавки металлов, так и основных стран-производителей. Продемонстрированы основные хронологические срезы, для которых описана ситуация текущего момента, особенности динамики и изменения по сравнению с предыдущим периодом. Результаты статистического анализа позволили установить, что после глобальных мировых кризисов 1973 и 1979 гг., а также распада Советского блока структура мировой металлургии начала резко изменяться. Фокус глобального производства начал смещаться из стран Запада в развивающиеся государства, прежде всего в Китай. Этот процесс не потерял актуальности и в настоящее время: производство в странах Европы и США продолжает сокращаться на фоне увеличения производства в странах Азии и Африки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Metallurgy is the cornerstone of the global economy. The distribution of key metal production by country reveals the global balance of productive forces. The journey to economic dominance has always started with a strong metallurgical foundation, which supported industries such as mechanical engineering, construction, and transport. An independent economy cannot exist without its own metal production, so analyzing the history of metal smelting provides insights into global industrial shifts and the rise of new economic centers. This study aims to examine the dynamics and structure of global metal smelting over the past half-century. The research constructs and analyzes time series data on ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting by major producers from 1960 to 2023. It focuses on both immediate production trends and the key countries involved. Key chronological sections are identified, detailing the current situation, dynamics, and changes compared to previous periods. Statistical analysis reveals that following the global crises of 1973 and 1979, as well as the dissolution of the Soviet bloc, the global metallurgy industry underwent significant structural changes. The center of global production shifted from Western countries to developing nations, particularly China. This trend continues today: production in Europe and the USA is declining while Asia and Africa are seeing increased output.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамика производства</kwd><kwd>международные сравнения</kwd><kwd>металлургия</kwd><kwd>многолетние тренды</kwd><kwd>структура производства</kwd><kwd>ретроспективный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>production dynamics</kwd><kwd>international comparisons</kwd><kwd>metallurgy</kwd><kwd>long-term trends</kwd><kwd>production structure</kwd><kwd>retrospective analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимов А.В. Итоги 75 лет экономического развития Индии. Сравнение макроэкономических показателей Индии, Великобритании и КНР. Вестник Института востоковедения РАН. 2022;2(20):80–91. DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2022-2-80-91</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimov A.V. Results of 75 years of economic development of India comparison of macroeconomic indicators of India, Great Britain and China. Vestnik Instituta vostokovedeniya RAN = Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS. 2022;2:80–91. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2022-2-80-91</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванченков А.В. Динамика смещения фокуса мирового промышленного развития из стран Европы и Северной Америки в Азию. Вестник университета. 2023;12:132–141. DOI: 10.26425/1816-4277-2023-12-132-141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanchenkov A. V. Shifting the focus of world industrial development from European countries and North America to Asia. Vestnik universiteta = Journal of the university. 2023;12:132–141. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26425/1816-4277-2023-12-132-141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цыпин А.П., Овсянников В.А. Сопоставление темпов роста (снижения) промышленного производства России и США в 1970–2010 годах. Интеллект. Инновации. Инвестиции. 2016;1:41–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsypin A.P., Ovsyannikov V.A. Comparison of growth (decrease) rates of Russia and USA industrial production in 1970–2010. Intellekt. Innovatsii. Investitsii = Intellect. Innovations. Investments. 2016;1:41–45. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravazzolo F., Vespignani J. World steel production: A new monthly indicator of global real economic activity (June 26, 2017). CAMA Working Paper No. 42/2017. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2992983 (дата обращения: 04.02.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ravazzolo F., Vespignani J. World steel production: A new monthly indicator of global real economic activity (2017 June 26). CAMA Working Paper No. 42/2017. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2992983</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts B.W., Thornton C.P., Pigott V.C. Development of metallurgy in Eurasia. Antiquity. 2009;83(322):1012– 1022. DOI: 10.1017/S0003598X00099312</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts B.W., Thornton C.P., Pigott V.C. Development of metallurgy in Eurasia. Antiquity. 2009;83(322):1012– 1022. DOI: 10.1017/S0003598X00099312</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nopriantoko R. Green approaches to extractive metallurgy: A novel synthesis of sustainable practices. Metalurgi. 2024;39(1):37–48. DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.748</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nopriantoko R. Green approaches to extractive metallurgy: A novel synthesis of sustainable practices. Metalurgi. 2024;39(1):37–48. DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.748</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu M., Lin B. Energy efficiency gains from distortion mitigation: A perspective on the metallurgical industry. Resources Policy. 2022;77:102758. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102758</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu M., Lin B. Energy efficiency gains from distortion mitigation: A perspective on the metallurgical industry. Resources Policy. 2022;77:102758. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102758</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Y., Wang X., Deng K. The road to carbon neutrality in the metallurgical industry: Hydrogen metallurgy processes represented by hydrogen-rich coke oven gas, short-process metallurgy of scrap and low-carbon policy. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2024;2798:012053. DOI: 10.1088/1742–6596/2798/1/012053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Y., Wang X., Deng K. The road to carbon neutrality in the metallurgical industry: Hydrogen metallurgy processes represented by hydrogen-rich coke oven gas, short-process metallurgy of scrap and low-carbon policy. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2024;2798:012053. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2798/1/012053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Растянникова Е.В. Мировой рынок ресурсов цветной металлургии. Восточная аналитика. 2020;3:109– 130. DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2020-03-109-130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rastyannikova E. Global non-ferrous metallurgy resources market. Vostochnaya analitika = Eastern analytics. 2020;3:109–130. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2020-03-109-130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агбанву Д.О., Ихуаеньи Р.Ч., Апуу С.Т. Производство улучшенных материалов для аэрокосмического применения. Обзор. Вестник науки и образования. 2018;18–1(54):41–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agbanwu D.O., Ihuaenyi R.C., Apuu S.T. Manufacturing advanced materials for aerospace application. An overview. Vestnik nauki i obrazovaniya = Bulletin of Science and Education. 2018;18–1(54):41–55. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ericsson M., Löf O., Löf, A. Locus of control over global mine productionт — developments between 1985 and 2018 against a historical background. Mineral Economics. 2024;37:633–643. DOI: 10.1007/s13563–024–00454-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ericsson M., Löf O., Löf A. Locus of control over global mine production — developments between 1985 and 2018 against a historical background. Mineral Economics. 2024;37:633–643. DOI: 10.1007/s13563-024-00454-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirsanov A. K., Saaya S-S.Sh. Global mining in the 21st century: An overview. Journal of Geography and Cartography. 2024;7(1):6090. DOI: 10.24294/jgc.v7i1.6090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirsanov A. K., Saaya S-S.Sh. Global mining in the 21st century: An overview. Journal of Geography and Cartography. 2024;7(1):6090. DOI: 10.24294/jgc.v7i1.6090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun J. The impact of globalization on Chinese economy. SHS Web of Conferences. 2024;193:01014. DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202419301014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun J. The impact of globalization on Chinese economy. SHS Web of Conferences. 2024;193:01014. DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202419301014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларионова Е.И., Чинаева Т.И., Шпаковская Е.П. Экономико-статистический анализ развития российского металлургического комплекса. Вопросы статистики. 2019;26(5):53–60. DOI: 10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-5-53-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larionova E. I., Chinaeva T. I., Shpakovskaya E. P. Economic and statistical analysis of the development of the metallurgical complex. Voprosy statistiki = Questions of statistics. 2019;26(5):53–60. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-5-53-60</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серянина А.В., Овчинникова Т.И., Тертычная С.В. К вопросу об экологической безопасности в металлургической промышленности. Безопасность труда в промышленности. 2024;8:23–28. DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2024-8-23-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seryanina A.V., Ovchinnikova T.I., Tertychnaya S.V. On the issue of environmental safety in the metallurgical industry. Bezopasnost’ truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2024;8:23–28. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2024-8-23-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minerals Yearbook. Volume 1. Metals and Minerals. National Minerals Information Center (USGS). URL: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/minerals-yearbook-metals-and-minerals (дата обращения: 04.02.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minerals Yearbook. Volume 1. Metals and Minerals. National Minerals Information Center (USGS). URL: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/minerals-yearbook-metals-and-minerals (accessed on 04.02.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
