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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">accounting</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учет. Анализ. Аудит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Accounting. Analysis. Auditing</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2408-9303</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-130X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2408-9303-2026-13-1-55-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">accounting-778</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДИКИ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рейтинги устойчивого развития: теоретические основы и институциональная эволюция</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sustainability Ratings: Theory and Institutional Development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5710-5300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гузов</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guzov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Николаевич Гузов – кандидат экономических наук, доцент, аудитор, научный руководитель магистерской программы экономического факультета «Учет, анализ и аудит»;  член Общественного Совета Федерального казначейства РФ, член Совета по компетенциям АНО «ЕАК»</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iurii N. Guzov – Cand. Sci (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Auditor, Academic Supervisor of the Master’s Program in Accounting, Analysis and Audit at the Faculty of Economics; Member of the Public Council of the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation, Member of the Competence Council of the ANO EAC</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guzow@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-6828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаева</surname><given-names>Ж. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babaeva</surname><given-names>Zh. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жулдыз Раушановна Бабаева – старший преподаватель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhuldyz R. Babaeva – Senior Lecturer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laura@kasimov.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высшие колледжи технологии</institution><country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher Colleges of Technology</institution><country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гузов Ю.Н., Бабаева Ж.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гузов Ю.Н., Бабаева Ж.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guzov I.N., Babaeva Z.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://accounting.fa.ru/jour/article/view/778">https://accounting.fa.ru/jour/article/view/778</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена теоретическим и институциональным аспектам формирования рейтингов устойчивого развития в условиях усиления требования к нефинансовой отчетности. Объектом исследования являются международные и национальные подходы к разработке методов рейтингования, а задачами – систематизация теоретических оснований методик рейтинговых агентств и выявление ключевых направлений их институциональной эволюции.</p><p>В результате исследования определены факторы методологической фрагментации рынка рейтингов устойчивого развития, включая разнообразие критериев, различия в шкалах оценки и отсутствие единых стандартов достоверности.</p><p>Авторами статьи показано, что указанные рейтинги функционируют как механизм снижения информационной асимметрии, передающий сигналы о нефинансовых рисках компаний, однако их интерпретация осложняется в связи с несопоставимостью методик. В работе обоснована необходимость перехода к регуляторной модели, обеспечивающей прозрачность, сопоставимость и верифицируемость рейтингов.</p><p>Практическая значимость анализа заключается в формировании основы для разработки национальной системы регулирования рынка рейтингования и повышения качества нефинансовой информации для заинтересованных пользователей. Исследование может представлять интерес для национальных регуляторов, профессиональных сообществ, а также для инвесторов и участников финансового рынка.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the theoretical and institutional aspects of development of sustainability ratings under the growing regulatory pressure on non-financial reporting.</p><p>The object of the study is the international and national approaches to the development of the rating methodologies, while the tasks include systematising the theoretical foundations of rating agencies’ approaches and identifying the key directions of their institutional evolution.</p><p>As a result, the study reveals factors underlying the methodological fragmentation of the sustainability rating market, including the diversity of criteria, differences in scoring scales, and the absence of unified reliability standards.</p><p>The (authors of the) research demonstrated that the given sustainability ratings function as a mechanism for reducing information asymmetry and serve as signals of companies’ non-financial risks; however, their interpretation is complicated due to the lack of methodological comparability. The study substantiates the need to transition to a regulatory model that ensures transparency, comparability, and verifiability of the ratings.</p><p>The practical implication of the study lies in establishing a foundation for the development of a national regulatory system for the sustainability rating market and for improving the quality of non-financial information for stakeholders. The study may be of interest for national regulators, professional communities, as well as for investors and financial market participants.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ESG-рейтинг</kwd><kwd>рейтинги устойчивого развития</kwd><kwd>аудит</kwd><kwd>верификация</kwd><kwd>нефинансовая отчетность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ESG rating</kwd><kwd>sustainability ratings</kwd><kwd>audit</kwd><kwd>verification</kwd><kwd>non-financial reporting</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке СПбГУ, шифр проекта: ID 131452274.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors acknowledge Petersburg State University for a research project: ID 131452274.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mooij S. 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