At present, Russian industry is characterized by a general slowdown in the growth rate of the economy against the backdrop of the growth of the state defense order. The transition to a modern innovative business model of defense industry organizations becomes an important task. However, traditional approaches to solving the problem of financing innovation activities carried out within the framework of the state defense order are not always applicable. During the sanctions period, the state is not in a position to allocate significant resources for research and development with the aim of turning them into innovative products. There are problems with attracting private investors, although starting investments in the creation of innovative products are a critical factor in their creation and further development. However, the investment attractiveness of the defense industry enterprises is rather low, therefore it is necessary to consider the various forms and methods of financing, as well as the possibility of attracting sources of financial resources that are unconventional for the enterprises of the defense industry. To create a significant interest of private investors, you can offer to use not only tax incentives, but also the right to use the results of development. An additional motivating incentive may turn out the changes in tax legislation that provide a more convenient and quick way for the transition of defense enterprises to a modern industrial business model. The examples of such changes may include the establishment of various tax and legal conditions for procurement for military and special-purpose products and general (civil) use, decreasing the property tax through disposal of non-core and unused assets or the opportunity to use the savings of resources on the project, when reinvesting them into new research or acquiring high-tech equipment without additional taxation.

The need for strengthening practical orientation of the strategies and concepts for industrial development that have been recently put forward in our country makes us turn to searching for a solution to the problems of the control of the transition of the secondary sector to the new technological mode in the conditions of limited access to international markets, finance and technologies, problems of institution-building and other unfavorable factors impeding the formation of a modern competitive economy. This article is devoted to the identification and justification of specific ways to improve state regulation of industrial development. In order to achieve this goal, both general scientific and private economic methods were used, including analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, statistical material and other research tools were widely used. Their use while examining the state of industrial structure and government regulation of its development has allowed to identify the causes of low efficiency of management of industrial development and formulate the proposals for its improvement. Therefore, there the directions of the system structuring of political and economic course were particularized, and also the institutional securing mechanisms as well as the principles to ensure the implementation of these mechanisms were defined. In practice this toolkit was used to analyze the status or condition and the proposals for the course on strategic import substitution, as well as the regulation of the development of production and technological base of industrial complexes. Consistent application of the identified principles and tools in the study regarding other policies of industrial development entails further elaboration of the raised issues on accounting in the system of industrial development stimulation, changing the values of different factors of increasing competitiveness, lowering production costs that occur under the conditions of transition to the 6th technological mode, including the priorities for lower production costs, the causes of the deficit human capital and the conditions for its overcoming, modernization of methods of supporting industrial development, the relationship of internal and external factors of industrial development.

The article discusses the issue of increasing the efficiency of the Russian steel industry taking into consideration the requirements of the concept of sustainable development. To solve this problem the author reviews the practices of metal scrap collection and recycling at the leading enterprises of the North America, Europe and the forecast of metal recycling development in the world economy up to the year 2050. This part of the survey shows that technologies of metal scrap and other types of industrial waste recycling could result in considerable economy of different types of resources. The great benefit of using metal scrap recycling technologies by the companies in the United States and the European Union is new jobs creation and improvement of environmental conditions. Taking into account the mentioned benefits of using recycling technologies in steel industry the author analyzes the forecast information and concludes that the further development of steel industry may lead to two times increase in metal scrap collection and recycling by the middle of the XXI century. Companies of the Chinese People Republic, countries members of NAFTA and Japan will prevail in the regional structure of metal scrap consumption. The article also states that the system of metal scrap collection and recycling in the Russian Federation will have to be recreated on the qualitatively new foundation. The most important distinctive feature of a new system still under creation from the former one is that before all the enterprises engaged into metal scrap collection had made part of a single concern and operated as a branch of steel industry. In this regard the Russian Federation faces the problem of re-creation of institutional foundation of metal scrap collection and recycling as well as creation of mechanisms to manage this industry efficiently. This in turn will require the development of legal, regulatory, organizational, economic and scientific support.

At the present stage of social development economic entities face various problems that threaten not only their stability in the market, but also their survival. Such problems can take many forms, ranging from financial scandals and setbacks to epidemics, natural disasters, clashes between employees and even terrorist attacks. These problems are beyond companies’ control, but when if necessary they can respond to changes in the external and internal environment. This is the case when such changes, even conditionally, fit into the strategy of their operation, and the information about such changes is submitted for making strategic management decisions in a timely manner. Strategic management accounting is a key to the readiness of a company to address the challenges of tomorrow. Strategic management accounting of today is more than merely a block of information designed for long-term planning. Strategic management accounting is primarily organizational activity which examines the environment of a company. The information collected is used to analyze the possible strategic alternatives and coordinate actions to implement them. Crisis management today is a consequence of various crisis phenomena that arise both in the external and internal environment of the company.

Crisis management involves the strengthening of the company’s ability to respond to various forms of crisis flexibly and quickly. The purpose of organizational crisis management is to make timely decisions based on strategic management accounting information. 

The paper describes the basic principles of information support for innovative and investment activity of economic entities using stakeholder approach. This approach is based on the business analysis concept which involves taking into consideration the changes in internal and external environment and their impact on interests and requirements of key stakeholders of an entity. To ensure the balance of the interests of innovative and investment activity stakeholders the author justifies the necessity to systemize and structure both accounting and not accounting information. The paper provides the classification of the main users of information about innovative and investment processes and identifies the basic requirements to the information necessary for these groups of stakeholders. It also substantiates the needs and expectations of different groups interested in innovative activity (institutional units of public administration sector, social and public organizations, suppliers, customers, investors, competitors, founders and staff). Applying the concept of sustainable development the author formulates the principles of organizing the effective analytical toolkit for innovative and investment activity which contributes to the achievement of the goals of long-term sustainable development of an economic entity. This allows the business to respond flexibly and timely to the requirements of internal and external stakeholders in accordance with the stated goals and the chosen strategy of innovative development. The author offers a mechanism for cooperation between key stakeholders of innovative and investments processes which is based on singling out the interests and requirements of stakeholders belonging to the first and second circles. This mechanism would make it possible to ensure more reasonable cooperation between key business stakeholders and in future could result in creating value for stakeholders in a form of different benefits and advantages which would be impossible without joining efforts and harmonizing goals.

The logic of the paper is based on defining the key aspects of internal control notion as a phenomenon in modern management process. The article considers the issues of applying Article 19 “Internal control” of the Federal Act 402 taking into consideration the progress in microelectronics, information technology and telecommunications and their relation to control. It also discusses the important aspects of “The Conceptual Framework of Risk Management in Organizations” related to the issues of internal control as a wider notion of risk management. It is also noted that this document doesn’t cancel “The Conceptual Framework of Internal Control” but include it as an integrant part.

The author draws the attention to the modern transformation of methodological views on internal control organization particularly to the shift of emphasis with regard to identification and elimination of risks. Nowadays it is believed that the management task is to make decisions about the level of uncertainty which the organization is prepared to accept seeking to increase value for stakeholders.

The author concludes that the system of internal corporate control (SICC) is a multilevel process, the subjects of which are all company’s management bodies, departments, divisions and their employees whose activity is related to risks able to influence the company’s goals achievement including such an important goal as reliable presentation of company’s activity results in financial and other types of reporting.

The article contains the proposals on the content of risk-oriented internal corporate control. Sustainability of an enterprise is based on getting right economic strategy which means that the goals should be set in a way that ensures the optimal balance between the technological development and growth (scaling) of the company, its profitability and risks along with thrift and efficient use of resources available. 

The method of private investigations is probably the most appropriate basis for the implementation of independent external control of commercial enterprises. Indeed, if we ignore the analysis of accounting documents that are perhaps the main and only source of financial activity history for the audited company, the remaining problem of forecasting business risk remains the search for unobvious, hidden from the public eyes factors of economic life of the company. In modern crisis conditions such analysis is difficult and requires new approaches for external control.

Aims and objectives. The purpose of the work is to develop methodological provisions for the detective form of the layout of the auditing. The offered method is steady in demand among customers of detectives as it opens new opportunities for the honest business executives. This need for the interaction with the private investigation arises from the uncertainty of clients in the auditing opinion, which is one of the consequence of the direct dependence of the external auditor on the audited organization. A detective, on the contrary, is completely independent and free to collect, analyze any information that has to do with the actual financial and economic activities of the company.

Methodology. The legal and institutional framework, the instant breakdown of technical equipment area and financial documentation, the interaction and separation of powers controls — these and about sixty more other most important factors are considered in the article, as essential qualitative characteristics affecting the current assessment of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise or firm.

Results. The place of the detective auditing in the theory and practice of the auditor activity is specified. External and internal factors that exert a significant influence on the economic and financial activities of the organization are singled out. As a tool for its implementation, the method of factor analysis is proposed. Application area. The results of the research can be applied to the development of external auditing theory and practice.

Conclusions. In the conditions of business opacity, detective auditing is a means of choosing future and reliable counterparties for the auditor’s clients. 

Doing business involves entering into contractual relations not only with the clients, whose business reputation and financial capabilities have been tested for years, but also with the suppliers, vendors and lessors. Quite frequently there are lucrative offers from previously unknown companies, or sometimes there might be a need for transactions of purchase and sale of real estate, stocks or other assets on the open market, the suppliers and contractors often get changed. In order to form the most complete picture of partners and contractors from the point of view of the financial reliability aspect as well as the assessment of the prospects for further cooperation, the due diligence procedure is organized.

The relevance of the researched theme will provide an opportunity to protect the organization from fraud on the part of the partners and contractors, which will contribute not only to the reduction of the financial risks of the company, but also to the increase in economic security of the organization as a whole.

The authors have covered the acute aspects of the organizational process of due diligence in various economic entities. The methods of the research were as follows: the method of analogies, grouping method, analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematic and logical approaches. The sources of information were: the legal framework and the annual reports of the international companies. 

The paper examines the interconnection between matrix modeling and accounting informational systems (AIS) and highlights the role of these systems in the true and fair reporting of economic activities. The author shows that such systems make it possible to present the functional fragments of knowledge in information modeling systems and gives a definition of the accounting information systems in the context of modern economic development. The article focuses on designing a concept of a knowledge-based economy and identifying the role of accounting in this process. It shows the accounting system reliability depends on such information system which would make it possible to fully report the data about business activity of an entity. Information technology has crucially changed this very important area of accounting. Modern accounting is more dynamic and influential in making economic decisions. That is why the understanding of accounting science and its influence on accounting processes is changing. This in turn imposes new requirements on professional education and training of accountants. It is evident that the period of data input is now significantly shorter, starting with processing banking information and invoices. Thus the practice of accounting is impossible in its conventional form which calls for the fundamental change of thinking in many areas of accounting.

The article discusses the state of national accounting system and its compliance with the international accounting practices under conditions of globalization. The author gives the arguments on how to assess the accounting process adequacy by means of situational matrix modeling (HMM) in the structure of the accounting information system. 

The article describes the features of the evolution theory in the system of statistical accounting of commercial bank’s financial security. Based on the analysis of the globalization processes the necessity was justified to plan at any level of financial control system macroeconomic factors of (or threats to) security of the financial state of the object. In the work there were used the methods of graphical data modeling of economic processes and their algorithms. This made it possible to integrate in the study not only literary analysis and the regulatory framework analysis, but also to expand the scope of the study to statistically significant indicators on the basis of the analysis of the fundamental accounting methodology and perspective accounting methodology in the system of transition to the new commercial bank financial security standards. The article examines the existing approaches to understanding the essence of financial security and shows their weaknesses. The article offers to use static and active approaches to the interpretation of the concept of financial security and shows the duality of standards of its evaluation which are operating in the state. This provided us with an opportunity to identify the scientific gap in the accounting system for banks with basic (or internal) license and show the prospects of its neutralizing by accounting methods. The author has proved the need to implement forecasting tools in the current system of accounting of the financial security of the Bank. The author developed a matrix of compliance to the regulations and scientifically-practical methods for controlling commercial bank financial security as part of adapting to the international practice. So, there was the comparative analysis of the core performance indicators characterizing the financial security mainly associated with the functioning of the financial sector of the national economy and it also showed the gaps existing in the Russian Federation system as the basis for further development of the simplified system of statistical accounting of financial security for the banks in the Russian Federation.

The article examines the consequential long-term professional experience of the reforms of higher education in accounting in the United States, which started in the sixties of the last century and is continuing today. This is the joined efforts of non-governmental associations, first and foremost, the American Association of Accountants (AAA) and accountants-academic theorists as well as accountants practitioners. The article considers the publications of leading scientists, who have summarised the experience in the development of the profession and who showed the directions of its development. Particular attention is paid to the conclusion that today an accountant must possess a broad cultural base in the framework of preparation for the professional career in public accounting, industrial accounting or teaching accounting. This article suggests some ways in which accountants can adapt to their rapidly changing working environment. The attention is drawn to the fact that the constant improvement of the effectiveness of the curriculum should be based on the structure of the curriculum, derived from a set of clearly defined goals. The authors of this publication refer the readers to specific articles, which contain the examples of curriculum structure that includes the business core, the core of accounting and the area of specialization of an accounting specialist.

The evolution of accounting and reporting, the relevance of risk orientation as the basis for the organization of accounting and control processes involves the expansion of ideological fundamentals of the formation of corporate level accounting policy. The risk-oriented approach should be the basis of accounting and control processes of any economic entity. That is why, it is the risk-oriented approach that should be the basis for formation of the accounting policies and internal control systems of the economic entity. In the corporate structure the risks related to corporate governance are particularly important. Therefore, corporate accounting policy, while expanding its borders, must take into account corporate risks related to inter-group relationships. Through the formation of and disclosure of corporate accounting policy the planning and control of joint activities is implemented, which involves analysis and monitoring of strategic risks. Risk-oriented corporate accounting policies, being the regulator of corporate relationships through the implementation of the managerial function can influence the effectiveness of corporate integration. Corporate accounting policy may be the means of achieving the synergy effect in the enterprise integration by defining and regulating the most efficient forms of interaction of the reproduction process members. The evolution of accounting policies closely associated with the evolution of accounting and reporting, leads to the need to identify the relationship of accounting policies and internal control systems at all levels of corporation government, because it is the accounting policy that determines the intra firm accounting principles and is the regulator of corporate relations at all levels of corporate governance. Monitoring of accounting policy, based on the principle of materiality is key to both the separate legal entity that is the part of the group, and to the entire perimeter of consolidation. Key risks relate to the concept of materiality and correspond to the key issues of the auditing that is relevant in the context of the new requirements of the international auditing standards.